On Consciousness
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A living list of resources I use to understand consciousness — the hard problem, the neuroscience, the philosophy, and the latest research. Updated as I go. Work in progress.
Blog posts
2026
Semantic Retrieval
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Every search system faces the same fundamental challenge: a user expresses an information need in a few words, and the system must find the most relevant documents from a corpus that may contain millions—or billions—of items. For decades, keyword matching was the dominant paradigm. But language is ambiguous, synonymous, and context-dependent. The query “how to fix a leaking pipe” and the document titled “plumbing repair guide for dripping faucets” share almost no tokens, yet they address the same need. This is the gap that semantic retrieval was built to close.
Clustering Algorithms and Evaluation Methods: A Practical Guide
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TL;DR: Density-based clustering algorithms like DBSCAN and HDBSCAN can discover arbitrarily shaped clusters and gracefully handle noise—two properties that traditional methods like K-Means struggle with. This guide walks through how these algorithms work, when to choose one over the other, and how to rigorously evaluate clustering quality using internal metrics, external metrics, stability analysis, and practical validation techniques.
Compute Power, Geopolitics, and the AI Race
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In the AI boom, the NVIDIA H100 has become more than a chip. It has become a symbol of power and an instrument of geopolitics.
2025
Notes on NLP
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Comprehensive study notes covering foundational NLP methods from classical n-gram language models and HMMs through neural architectures including word embeddings, RNNs, and attention mechanisms.
Notes on Reinforcement Learning
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Comprehensive study notes organized by lecture topic (MDPs, planning/control, policy optimization, exploration, and imitation learning). Work In Progress.
What Buddhism Taught Me About Neuroscience
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Have you ever felt that sharp sting when reality doesn’t match what you hoped for?
Study Notes on Neuroscience
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My study notes on neuroscience, starting from molecular mechanisms and neural circuits to cognitive functions, brain disorders, and the intersection with artificial intelligence. Work In Progress.
NeuroSymbolic AI - What, Why, and How?
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I’ve been hearing the term NeuroSymbolic AI a lot these days, but really - What is it? Why was it invented? How do we use it?
The Future of Innovation & The End of Academic Monopoly
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Companies are gradually becoming the core engines of innovation. What do we do?